extinguish, dispose, erase, exclude, cancel, eliminate, abolish 的区别和用法辨析及示例例句

这组词都有“取消,除掉”的意思,其区别是:
extinguish: v.熄灭,扑灭(火);使沉默,使暗淡。
 ➤ Firefighters extinguished a big fire.  
消防队员扑灭了大火。

dispose: v.处理,处置;表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)
 ➤ After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.  
野餐后请清除掉垃圾。

erase: v.除去,擦掉,指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。
 ➤ I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.  
我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。

exclude: v.排斥;排除,不包括在内,与include互为反义词。
 ➤ The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.  
衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。

cancel: v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消;删去(字、句)。
 ➤ The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.  
会议由于流感而取消了。

eliminate: v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。
 ➤ The losing team was eliminated from further competition.  
失利的那个队被淘汰了,不能参加下一阶段的比赛。

 ➤ The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.  
医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。

abolish: v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除;完全破坏。
 ➤ The government abolished the tax on alcohol.  
政府取消了酒税。